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Ophthalmology

Cataract Symptom Score
Predictors of Outcome After Cataract Surgery
The VF-14 Questionnaire for Functional Impairment in Patients with Cataracts
Method of Mehra and Minassian for Grading Central Lens Opacities
New Zealand Criteria for Prioritizing Cataract Surgery
Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II)
Sunflower Cataract in Wilson's Disease (Chalcosis Lentis)
Cataracts Associated with Corticosteroid Therapy
Drug and Chemical Exposures Associated with Cataracts
Risk Factors for Cataracts in a Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Criteria of the IRYSS-Appropriateness Cataract Group for Prioritizing Cataract Surgery
Complications of Cataract Surgery in a Patient with Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) Syndrome
Potential Difficulty Score (PDS) of Habib et al for Performing a Phacoemulsification
Preoperative Score of Muhtaseb et al for Identifying a Cataract Patient at Risk for Intraoperative Complications
Cataract Surgery Risk Score of Najjar and Awwad
Clinical Activity Score of Mourits et al for Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Diagnostic Criteria for Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Ophthalmopathy Index of Donaldson et al
Modified Ophthalmopathy Index of Bartalena et al
Activity Score of Kahaly for Graves' Ophthalmopathy
The American Thyroid Association NO SPECS Classification of Eye Changes in Graves' Disease
Patient Questionnaire of Bjerrum for Eye Involvement by Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Clinical Ophthamological Testing in the Diagnosis of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Discriminant Function to Distinguish Age-Related from Sjogren's Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Dry Eye Questionnaire of Bandeen-Roche et al
Questionnaire of Moutsopoulos et al for Identifying Xerophthalmia in Patients with Sicca (Sjogren's) Syndrome
Oxford System for Grading Epithelial Surface Damage in a Patient with Dry Eye
Clinical Severity Classification of Marube et al for a Patient with Dry Eye
Histopathologic Classification of Marube et al for Dry Eye (ALMEN Classification)
Drug-Induced Dry Eye
Age-Related Dry Eye
Dry Eye Associated with Physical Destruction (Traumatic, Surgical, Chemical, Radiation) of Periocular Glands
Tantalic Dry Eye (Dry Eye with Adequate Tear Production)
Hormone-Related Dry Eye
Dry Eye Associated with Immune Disorders
Neurological Causes of Dry Eye
Congenital Malformations Associated with Dry Eye (Dysgenetic Dry Eye)
Nutritional Deficiencies Associated with Dry Eye
Nonimmune Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Dry Eye
Classification of Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome (DTS) Without Lid Margin Disease
Lid Margin Involvement in a Patient with the Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome (DTS)
Criteria of Arita et al for Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
When to Consider Evaluating a Patient for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Thyroid Eye Disease Presenting as Dry Eye
SICCA Ocular Staining Score for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Herbal and Nutritional Supplements That Can Cause Dry Eye
Scoring System of Abelson et al for Signs and Symptoms of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Mucus Fishing Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis of "Red Eye"
Types of Acute and Chronic Allergic Conjunctivitis
Clinical Score of Tanaka et al for Allergic Conjunctivitis
Score of Tanaka et al for Corneal Changes in Allergic Conjunctivitis
Differential Diagnosis of Generalized Cicatrizing Conjunctivitis
Idiopathic Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (IOCP)
Prognostic Indicators of Outcome Following Vitrectomy for Diabetic Retinopathy
Flow Chart of Hesse et al for Predicting Visual Acuity After Early Vitrectomy for Diabetic Retinopathy
International Clinical Diabetic Macular Edema Disease Severity Scale
International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale
Schedule for Regular Ophthalmologic Examinations in a Patient with Diabetes
Criteria of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) for Clinically Significant Macular Edema
Risk Factors of Wong et al for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes
Indications for Referring a Diabetic to an Ophthalmologist
High Risk Characteristics (HRC) Associated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Papillopathy
Risk Factors of Sultan et al for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Pediatric Patient with Diabetes
Stages of Aiello et al for Diabetic Retinopathy
Diagnosis of Tropias and Phorias with the Eye Cover-Uncover Test
The Parks-Bielschowsky Three Step Test to Identify a Single Weak Ocular Muscle
Acquired Strabismus Following Eyelid Surgery or Trauma
Inferior Oblique Muscle Adherence Syndrome
Newcastle Control Score for Evaluating a Patient with Intermittent Exotropia
Oculogyric Crisis
Ocular Echography and Outcome After Penetrating Ocular Trauma
Risk of Secondary Hemorrhage in Traumatic Hyphema
Grades of Cook et al for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
The System of the Ocular Trauma Classification Group for Classifying Mechanical Injuries to the Eye
Clinical Signs Indicating Traumatic Rupture of the Ocular Globe
Fundoscopic Lesions Identifying Severe Central Nervous System Injury in Children with the Shaken Baby Syndrome
Madigan Eye and Orbit Trauma Scale
Risk Factors of Hutton and Fuller for Predicting Outcome After Severe Ocular Injury
Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome
Risk Factors of De Juan et al for Unfavorable Visual Prognosis After a Penetrating Injury to the Eye
Clinical Findings Following Trauma to the Crystalline Lens
Indications and Contraindications for Surgical Therapy in a Patient with Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Prognostic Factors of Sternberg et al for Visual Outcome After a Penetrating Ocular Injury
Classification of Bower for Corneal Lacerations
Orbital Compartment Syndrome
Types of Vajpayee et al for Breaks in the Posterior Capsule of the Lens After Perforating Ocular Injury
Risk Factors of McGwin and Owsley for Eye Injury in a Motor Vehicle Collision
Risk Factors for Ocular Injury from a Champagne Bottle or Other Carbonated Beverage
Whiplash Maculopathy
Commotio Retinae After Blunt Ocular Trauma (Berlin's Edema)
Clinical Findings in Acute Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
Risk Factors of Lewis and Perry for Acute Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) of Kuhn et al
Zones of Turbin et al for Describing Penetrating Orbital Wounds Associated with Intracranial Injuries
Risk Factors of Turbin et al for Failing to Detect Intracranial Injury in a Patient with a Penetrating Transorbital Injury
Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria
Prognostic Factors of Al-Mezaine et al Affecting Outcome Following an Open Globe Injury
Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score of Acar et al for a Penetrating Ocular Injury
Classification and Regression Tree (CART) of Schmidt et al for Predicting Visual Outcome After Open Globe Injury
Grades of Eagling for Perforating Injuries of the Eye
Prognostic Factors of Lee et al for Visual Outcome Following an Open Globe Injury in a Pediatric Patient
Classification of Keith, Wagener and Barker for Hypertensive Retinopathy
Classification of Scheie for Hypertensive Retinopathy
Classification of Leishman for Hypertensive Retinopathy
Calculating the Width of a Parent Retinal Blood Vessel from the Width of Two Branches
Trunk Diameter Ratio (TDR) for Retinal Arterioles
Indications for Ocular Removal (Enucleation, Evisceration and Exenteration)
Algorithm of Kaltreider and Lucarelli for Measuring the Implant Size After Enucleation and Evisceration
Determining the Adequacy of the Reconstruction After Enucleation or Evisceration of the Ocular Globe
Method of Kaltreider et al for Determining Implant Diameter for an Enucleated Eye from A-Scan Ultrasonography of the Remaining Eye
The Rose Bengal Score
Fluorescein Staining of the Corneal Surface
Digital Pressure to Evaluate Meibomian Gland Secretion
Glaucoma Symptom Scale
American Academy of Ophthalmology Guidelines for Followup of Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Risk Factor Count of Cummins et al for Development of Glaucoma in a Patient with Ocular Hypertension
An Algorithm for Glaucoma Screening by Primary Care Providers
Using the Family Score (FS) in the Evaluation of a Patient for Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG)
Clinical Presentation of Neonatal Glaucoma in an Infant
The ISNT Rule of the Optic Nerve Head to Distinguish Normal from Glaucomatous Eyes
Prediction Model of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Group (OHTS) for Development of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Model of Medeiros et al for Predicting the Risk of Progression from Ocular Hypertension to Glaucoma
Discriminant Function of Mardin et al for Detecting Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Damage
Characteristic Features of Glaucomatous Field Defects
Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis (Posner-Schlossman Syndrome)
Classification of Foster et al for Conditions with Primary Angle Closure (PAC)
Model of Davanger et al for the Probability of Glaucoma Based on Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
Risk Factors of Sihota et al for the Development of Traumatic Glaucoma Following a Closed Globe Injury
Conditions Associated with Rubeosis Iridis and Neovascular Glaucoma
Risk Factors of Girkin et al for Post-Traumatic Glaucoma Following Ocular Contusion
Risk Factors for Development of Pigmentary Glaucoma in a Patient with Pigment Dispersion Syndrome (PDS)
Identifying a Patient at High Risk for Non-Steroidal Drug-Induced Glaucoma
Identifying the General Types of Nystagmus
Identifying the Type of Vestibular Nystagmus
The Ophthalmic Medications for Tolerability (COMTOL) Checklist Questionnaire
Clinical Features of Conjunctivitis Medicamentosa
Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) Group Symptom Questionnaire
Risk Factors for Predicting Choroidal Neovascularization in the Second Eye of a Patient with Neovascularization Due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Screening Algorithm of Bressler for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Primary Care
Simplified Severity Scale from AREDS for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Risk Factors of Ngai et al for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Assessment of the Visual Acuity for Supine Patients Using a Size-Reduced Chart
The Visual Ability Score (VAS) for Visually Impaired Children
Causes of Day Blindness (Hemeralopia)
Staging of Retinopathy of Prematurity Using the International Classification
Identification of Threshold and Prethreshold Changes on Ophthalmic Examination for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Risk Equation of Holmstrom et al for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Ocular Perfusion Pressure
Criteria for the Diagnosis of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome from the American Uveitis Society in 1978
Criteria for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease from the First International Workshop in 1999
Sympathetic Uveitis (Sympathetic Ophthalmia) Following Penetrating Injury or Surgery
The Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome Associated with Viral Posterior Uveitis
Immune Recovery Uveitis
HTLV-1 Associated Uveitis (HAU)
Poststreptococcal Uveitis
Clinical Features of Solar Retinopathy
Ultraviolet Radiation Corneal Injury (Snowblindness, Welder's Arc Burn)
Light Retinopathy Following Use of an Operating Microscope (Operating Microscope Maculopathy)
Classification of Lasers
Prevention of Eye Damage During the Observation of a Solar Eclipse
Hypoperfusion Retinopathy
Risk Factors for Perioperative Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (PION) with Postoperative Vision Loss
Anterior Segment Ischemia
HIV-Associated Ischemic Maculopathy
Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in a Patient Taking a Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
Risk Factors Associated with Visual Loss in Patients with Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
Clinical Features of Idiopathic Retinal Vasculitis, Aneurysms and Neuroretinitis (IRVAN)
Ocular Involvement in a Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Prognostic Factors of Takeuchi et al for Visual Outcome in a Patient with Behcet's Disease
Behcet’s Oculopathy Index of Teifi et al
Rheumatoid Corneal Melt (Vasculitic Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis, PUK)
Rating Scale of Jankovic for Essential Blepharospasm
Features of the Floppy Eyelid Syndrome
Indications for Surgical Management of Ptosis
Classification of Ectropion Based on Cause
Ectropion Grading Scale (EGS) of Moe and Linder
Ectropion Symptom Questionnaire of Moe and Linder
Clinical Features of Entropion
Risk Factors for Cicatricial Entropion
Grades of McGraw and Adamson for Postblepharoplasty Ectropion
Blepharoptosis and External Ophthalmoplegia in an HIV-Positive Patient Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
Lateral Distraction Test of the Punctum in Laxity of the Medial Canthus Tendon
Determining the Weight of a Gold Implant Required for the Upper Eyelid of a Patient with Lagophthalmos Secondary to Facial Paralysis
Jaw-Winking Syndrome (Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Synkinesis, MGJWS)
Risk Factors Associated with Development of Pterygia
Risk Factors of van Overdam for Predicting Development of a Retinal Break in a Patient with a Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Algorithm of Kang and Luff for Evaluating a Patient with a Possible Retinal Detachment
Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment
Recommendations of Hollands et al for Evaluation of a Patient for a Possible Posterior Retinal Detachment
Valsalva Hemorrhagic Retinopathy
Criteria of Emerson et al for Neonatal Intraretinal Hemorrhage
Terson Syndrome Following Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage
Complications of Vitreous Hemorrhage
Risk Factors for Roth Spots (White-Centered Retinal Hemorrhage)
Pattern of Visual Field Loss in a Patient with a CNS Lesion Affecting the Visual Pathways
Canadian Priority Score for Corneal Transplantation
Clinical Findings in Corneal Graft Rejection
Recipient Factors of Sugar et al Associated with an Increased Risk of Corneal Graft Failure
Criteria of the Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies Research Group for Corneal Graft Failure
Prediction of the Exposed Ocular Surface Area from the Palpebral Aperture
Calculation of the Required Power for a Contact Lens Using the Back Vertex Distance (BVD)
Using the SRK (Sanders, Retzlaff, Kraff) Equation for Calculating the Power Required for an Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Signs and Symptoms Associated with Optic Neuritis
Signs in a Patient with Possible Optic Neuritis That Should Prompt Consideration of an Alternative Diagnosis
Postpartum Optic Neuritis Associated with Demyelinating Disease
Optic Neuritis Associated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha Therapy
Chiasmal Neuritis
Cancer-Associated Retinopathy (CAR)
Diagnostic Groups of Pfohler et al for Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy (MAR)
Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP)
Paraneoplastic Optic Neuropathy (PON)
Paraneoplastic Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (POCP, Anti-Epiligrin Cicatricial Pemphigoid, AECP)
Algorithm of Czarnecki et al for Evaluating a Patient with Unequal Pupils
Holmes-Adie Syndrome
Clinical Features of Horner's Syndrome
Pourfour du Petit Syndrome Associated with Cervical Sympathetic Hyperactivity
Management Algorithm of Ahn Yuen and Rubin for Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation
Clinical Findings with Orbital Pseudotumor
Imaging Studies in Orbital Pseudotumor
Idiopathic Granulomatous Orbital Inflammation
Clinical Classification of Xerophthalmia
Grading Scheme of Makdani et al for Conjunctival Impression Cytology with Transfer (CICT) for the Evaluation of Patients for Vitamin A Deficiency
Stages of Carlier et al for Cytological Changes of Vitamin A Deficiency Seen in Conjunctival Impression Cytology with Transfer (CICT) Preparations
Potential Problems with Decorative Contact Lenses
Clinical Findings in a Patient with a Corneal Infiltrative Event (CIE) Secondary to Wearing Contact Lenses
Risk Factors of Morgan et al for a Corneal Infiltrative Event Associated with Contact Lens Wear
Manchester Score for Keratitis Associated with Contact Lens Wear
Classification of Goldberg for Proliferative Sickle Retinopathy
Clinical Features of Orbital Infarction in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease
Recommendations for Eye Protection in Sports
Classification of Chandler et al for Orbital Complications of Acute Sinusitis
Classification of Moloney et al for Acute Orbital Complications Associated with Acute Sinusitis
Reaction Potential for Different Materials in an Intraocular Foreign Body
Copper Intraocular Foreign Bodies and Chalcosis
Iron Intraocular Foreign Bodies and Siderosis
Risk Factors of Erakgun and Egrilmez for Postoperative Retinal Detachment After Vitrectomy to Remove a Foreign Body in the Posterior Segment of the Eye
Risk Factors of Choovuthayakorn et al for Poor Visual Acuity with a Posterior Segment Intraocular Foreign Body
Events Associated with a Posterior Segment Intraocular Foreign Body
Oculocardiac Reflex
Stages of Vitreous Change in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Risk Factors for Formation of a Macular Hole
Stages of Gass in the Formation of a Macular Hole
Clinical Features of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Ocular Toxicity
Tobacco-Alcohol Amblyopia
Ocular Inflammation Associated with Bisphosphonate Therapy
Mercurialentis (Brown Reflex, Mercury Deposition in the Lens)
Gold Deposits in the Eye (Ocular Chrysiasis)
Gold Dust Retinopathy Associated with High Intake of Canthaxanthin
Risk Factors for Steroid-Induced Glaucoma
Causes of Copper Deposits in the Cornea (Chalcosis Corneae)
Criteria for the Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) Associated with Alpha-1 Antagonist Therapy (Tamsulosin, Flomax)
Amiodarone-Associated Optic Neuropathy
Risk Factors of Menikoff et al for Endophthalmitis After Intra-Ocular Lens Placement
Risk Factors of Soltau et al for Infection of a Glaucoma Filtering Bleb
Risk Factors Associated with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
Criteria of Apple et al for Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
Clinical Features of Septo-Optic Dysplasia Including Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
Ratio of the Optic Disc Diameter to Distance from Disc to Macula in a Patient with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
Clinical Features of Purtscher's Retinopathy
Ocular Findings in the Fat Embolism Syndrome
Talc Retinopathy
Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale (IBAGS)
Grading Scale of Migdal and Hitchings for a Glaucoma Drainage Bleb
Indications of Soltau et al for Closing a Late Onset Leak from a Glaucoma Filtering Bleb
Equation of Kronfeld for Describing the Pressure and Outflow Characteristics After a Fistulizing Operation for Glaucoma
Rate of Late Onset Bleb-Related Complications Following Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin
Phenotype of a Color Vision Defect
Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Color Vision Screening
Clinical Features of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Discoloration of the Tears
Differential Diagnosis of Leukokoria (White Pupillary Reflex)
Differential Diagnosis of Photopsia
Severity Stages of Menke et al for the Retinopathy in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Types of Arteriovenous Malformations Involving Retinal Blood Vessels
Retinal Arteriovenous Malformations Associated with Arteriovenous Malformations of the Head and Neck (Wyburn Mason Syndrome)
Lipemia Retinalis
Risk Factors for Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)
Clinical Features of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
Clinical Features of a Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)
Coloboma
Clinical Features of the Morning Glory Anomaly
Kayser-Fleischer Ring in Wilson's Disease
Risk Factors of Meadows et al for Corneal Damage in a Patient with Facial Nerve Palsy
Grading Method of Miyata et al for Superficial Punctate Keratopathy (SPK)
Predictors of Gordon et al for Performing Penetrating Keratoplasty in a Patient with Keratoconus
Sclerocornea
Peters’ Anomaly
Cornea Plana Congenita
Causes of Crystalline Deposits Within the Cornea
Screening Criteria to Identify a Patient with Leprosy Who Should Be Referred to an Ophthalmologist
Criteria of Cimino et al for Ocular Tuberculosis
Ocular Complications of Leprosy
Clinical Features of the Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS)
Possible Causes of the Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome
Features of the Argyll Robertson Pupil in Late Neurosyphilis
Differential Diagnosis of Poor Pupil Dilatation in the Dark
Ophthalmologic Findings in a Patient with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
Clinical Findings in a Patient with an Orbital Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Risk Factors of Schwartz et al for Amblyopia in a Child with a Capillary Hemangioma of the Orbit or Eyelid
Refractive Instability
Causes of Angioid Streaks
Causes of Cotton Wool Spots in the Retina
When to Consider Batten Disease (Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis) in a Pediatric Patient with Unexplained Visual Loss
Ocular Changes Associated with Fabry's Disease
Ocular Changes in a Patient with Juvenile Paget Disease
Charles Bonnet Syndrome
Definition of the Inflammatory Ocular Hypertension Syndrome (IOHS)
Conditions That Can Cause the Inflammatory Ocular Hypertension Syndrome (IOHS)
Grading System of Sotozono et al for Chronic Ocular Manifestations Associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Pigment Dispersion Syndrome (PDS)
Relative and Absolute Contraindications to Laser Refractive Eye Surgery
Complications of Laser Refractive Eye Surgery
Conditions Associated with Synophrys (Confluence of the Eyebrows Across the Midline)
Conditions Associated with Hypertrichosis of the Eyelashes (Eyelash Trichomegaly)
Conditions Associated with a Uveal Effusion
Clinical Features of the Uveal Effusion Syndrome
Features of Nanophthalmos (Simple Microphthalmia)
Classification of Staphyloma by Ocular Location
Causes of a Staphyloma
Causes of Scleromalacia Perforans
Risk Factors for Cataract Formation in an HIV-Positive Patient
Penetrating Eye Injuries Caused by a Pen, Pencil or Other Writing Implement
Ocular Trauma Associated with Bungee Jumping
Retinopathy Associated with an Herbal Medicine
Corneal Bee or Wasp Sting
Clinical Features and Complications of the Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
Clinical Features of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR)
Risk Factors Associated with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR)
Congenital and Infantile Cataracts: Hereditary Syndromes
Congenital and Infantile Cataracts: Acquired Causes
Impression Cytology Score (IC Score) of Haller-Schober et al for a Patient with Dry Eye Syndrome
Periorbital Dermatitis and Keratoconjunctivitis Associated with Paederus or Other Blister Beetles (?Nairobi Eye?, ?Spider Lick?)
Ocular Trauma Caused by a High-Pressure Water Jet from a Fire Hose
Risk Factors of Ayuso et al for Poor Visual Acuity in a Patient with Uveitis Secondary to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Tattoo-Associated Uveitis
Visible Iris Sign in a Patient Undergoing Surgery for Involutional Aponeurotic Ptosis
Periorbital and Eyelid Edema in a Patient with Infectious Mononucleosis (Hoagland's Sign)
Alkyl Nitrite (?Poppers?) Maculopathy
Eales? Disease
Corneal Tyrosine Crystals Associated with Nitisinone Therapy in a Patient with Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type I
Differential Diagnosis of a Bilateral Transient Loss or Darkening of Vision
Differential Diagnosis of a Sudden Painless Loss of Visual Acuity in One Eye
Differential Diagnosis of Bilateral Blurred Vision
Amaurosis Fugax
Clinical Features of the Orbital Apex Syndrome
Conditions Associated with the Orbital Apex Syndrome
Criteria of Priem and Oosterhuis for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy (BSCR)
Clinical Features of Duane’s Retraction Syndrome (DRS, Congenital Retraction Syndrome, Stilling-Turk-Duane Retraction Syndrome)
Causes of Pain Triggered by Eye Movement
Retraction Nystagmus
Dublin Uveitis Evaluation Tool (DUET) for Detection of Spondyloarthritis in a Patient with Acute Anterior Uveitis
Optic Perineuritis Associated with Wegener's Granulomatosis (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis)
Clinical Manifestations of Sarcoidosis Involving the Eyes
Causes of Eyelid Myokymia
Causes of Eyelid Necrosis
Differential Diagnosis of Recurrent or Chronic Conjunctival Ulceration
Causes for Brownish Discoloration of the Conjunctiva
Causes for Blackish Discoloration of the Conjunctiva
Causes for Yellowish Discoloration of the Conjunctiva
Causes of Optic Perineuritis (OPN)
Clinical Features of Optic Perineuritis (OPN)
Risk Factors of Fox et al for Proliferative Sickle Retinopathy
Abnormal Color Perception (Chromatopsia): Erythropsia (Red Coloration)
Abnormal Color Perception (Chromatopsia): Cyanopsia (Blue Coloration)
Abnormal Color Perception (Chromatopsia): Xanthopsia (Yellow Coloration)
Abnormal Color Perception (Chromatopsia): Ianthinopsia (Purple Coloration)
Abnormal Color Perception (Chromatopsia): Chloropsia (Green Coloration)
Abnormal Color Perception (Chromatopsia): Brown Discoloration
Abnormal Color Perception (Chromatopsia): Whitish Discoloration
Causes of Bloody Tears
Gustatory Hyperlacrimation (Crocodile Tears, Gusto Lacrimal Reflex)
Differential Diagnosis of Photophobia
Differential Diagnosis of Eye Ache (Asthenopia)
Differential Diagnosis of Glare Discomfort
Differential Diagnosis of Oscillopsia
Differential Diagnosis of Palinopsia
Differential Diagnosis of the Pulfrich Phenomenon
Causes for Vision Loss Following Trauma (Post-Traumatic Vision Loss)
Differential Diagnosis of Sudden Painless Vision Loss in Both Eyes
Differential Diagnosis of Sudden Painful Vision Loss
Differential Diagnosis of a Gradual Painless Loss of Vision
Cortical Blindness Associated with Preeclampsia or Eclampsia
Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE)
Differential Diagnosis of Color Difference Between Irides (Heterochromia): Hypochromic
Differential Diagnosis of Color Difference Between Irides (Heterochromia): Hyperchromic
Causes for the Loss of the Outer Third of the Eyebrows (Hertoghe Sign)
Differential Diagnosis of Antiretinal Antibodies
Scores of Perea-Milla et al for Visual Outcome After Cataract Surgery: Score for Change in Visual Acuity (VA)
Scores of Perea-Milla et al for Visual Outcome After Cataract Surgery: Score for Change in VF-14
Ocular Rosacea
Differential Diagnosis of Painful Ophthalmoplegia
Differential Diagnosis of Painless Ophthalmoplegia
Criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS) for the Diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS)
Ocular Bobbing
Clinical Features of Orbital Myositis
Autoimmune Disorders Associated with Secondary Orbital Myositis
Marin-Amat Acquired Oroacial Synkinesis Syndrome
Grades of Mercieca et al for Eyelid Position
Histologic Criteria of Choi and Chevez-Barrios for an Inflamed Conjunctival Nevus (ICN)
Grades of Conjunctival Edema (Chemosis)
Ocular Trauma Associated with Paintball
Retinal Detachment after Open Globe Injury (RD-OGI) Score of Stryewski et al
Sickle Cell Ischemic Maculopathy
Risk Factors of Rosenberg and Hutcheson for Pediatric Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Categories of Ocular Surface Disease for a Patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Ophthalmologic Findings in a Patient with Congenital Zika Infection
Acute Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Zika Virus Infection
Clinical Features of Brown's Syndrome (Superior Oblique Tendon Sheath Syndrome)
Causes of Brown's Syndrome (Superior Oblique Tendon Sheath Syndrome)
Pseudo Brown's Syndrome
Rome Eye Scoring System for Urgency and Emergency (RESCUE) of Rossi et al for Triaging an Ophthalmic Emergency
Medial Canthus Degloving Injury
Traumatic Telecanthus
Screening Criteria of the American Academy of Pediatrics for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Predictors of Simonini et al for Maintaining Remission of Systemic Therapy for Childhood Autoimmune Chronic Uveitis
Predictors of Artornsombudh et al for Remission Failure in a Patient with New-Onset Anterior Uveitis
Risk Factors of Saurenmann et al for Uveitis and Its Complications in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Criteria of Herbort et al for Ocular Sarcoidosis from the First International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS): Diagnostic Certainty
Criteria of Herbort et al for Ocular Sarcoidosis from the First International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS): Clinical Findings and Laboratory Investigations
Differential Diagnosis of Red Eye in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Differential Diagnosis of Vision Loss in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Differential Diagnosis of an Orbital Disorder in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Loss of Eyelashes and Eyebrows (Madarosis and Milphosis)
Differential Diagnosis of Short Palpebral Fissures
Differential Diagnosis of Telecanthus
Differential Diagnosis of Orbital Hypertelorism
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) or Photoreactive Keratectomy in a Patient with an Autoimmune Disease
Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome (BPES)
Antielevation Syndrome After Anterior Transposition of the Inferior Oblique Muscle
Canine Tooth Syndrome (CTS, Dog Bite Syndrome)
Perforation of the Globe Caused By a Dog Bite
Measurement of the Cytokines Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-6 in Vitreous Fluid, with the IL-10 to IL-6 Ratio
Spasmus Nutans (Nystagmus, Head Nodding, Torticollis)
Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (Fuchs Heterochromic Uveitis, FHU)
Complications of Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (Fuchs Heterochromic Uveitis)
Orbital Myositis Associated with Giant Cell Myocarditis
Ophthalmologic Findings Associated with Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome (OMAS, Dancing Eye Syndrome, Myoclonic Encephalopathy)
Corneal Melting Syndrome of Mooren (Mooren Ulcer)
Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Clinical Findings of a Cavernous Hemangioma of the Orbit
Anton Syndrome (Anton-Babinski Syndrome)
Blindness Associated with Sphenoid Sinusitis
Balint Syndrome
Ocular Lyme Borreliosis
Differential Diagnosis of Metabolic Optic Neuropathy
Basic Severity Score for Common Ocular Emergencies (Base Score): Anterior Segment
Basic Severity Score for Common Ocular Emergencies (Base Score): Posterior Segment
Basic Severity Score for Common Ocular Emergencies (Base Score): Trauma
Basic Severity Score for Common Ocular Emergencies (Base Score): Ocular Surgery
Pathogenesis of Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome (Fuchs Heterochromic Uveitis)
Conditions Associated with Hereditary Alacrima
Trochleitis with Orbital Headache
Autoimmune Optic Neuropathy (AON)
Acquired Dyschromatopsia (Disordered Color Vision) in Optic Neuritis (Including Koelnner's Rule)
Tearing and Onions
Optic Neuropathy Associated with Cat Scratch Disease
Asteroid Hyalosis (AH)
Parinaud's Syndrome (Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome, Sylvian Aqueduct Syndrome)
Clinical Decision Rule of Paek et al for Orbital Wall Fracture in a Pediatric Patient
Risk Factors of Chan et al for Rapid Progression of Glaucoma
Ophthalmologic Findings Associated with the Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (Ischemic Oculopathy)
Criteria of the Expert Panel of the Orbital Society for Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation (IOI): Nonmyositic
Criteria of the Expert Panel of the Orbital Society for Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation (IOI): Myositis
Criteria of the Expert Panel of the Orbital Society for Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation (IOI): Pathologic Features
IgG4-Related Orbital Disease
Orbital Compression Syndrome Associated with Sickle Cell Disease
Methanol-Induced Ocular Toxicity
Ocular Venous Air Embolism (OVAE, Presumed Air by Vitrectomy Embolisation, PAVE)
Landolfi's Sign in Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Traumatic Orbital Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)
Nutritional Optic Neuropathy
Manifestations of Ocular Syphilis
Clinical Features of Stargardt Disease Type 1
Cataract Following Exposure to an Electric Shock or Lightning
Risk Factors of Blum-Hareuveni et al for Cataract Development in a Child with Uveitis
Dry Eye or Ocular Infection Associated with Latanoprost Ophthalmic
Chemical Conjunctivitis in a Neonate Associated with Ophthalmia Prophylaxis
Conjunctivitis-Otitis Syndrome
Adenoviral Conjunctivitis
Pulled in Two Syndrome (PITS)
Toddler/Infant Ocular Trauma Score (TOTS) of Read and Cavuoto
Mitchell-Wong Grading System for Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hyperventilation-Induced Nystagmus (HIN, HVIN, Exercise-Induced Nystagmus)
"Rule of 8" of Shen and Bhatt for Expected Visual Acuity in a Small Child
GROP Screening Criteria for Examining a Neonate for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Model
Plus and Pre-Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Scale of Wallace et al for Grading Retinal Blood Vessel Tortuosity and Dilatation
Retinal Zones for Recording Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Types of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) from the ETROP Trial
Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity (AP-ROP)
Predictors of Sobrin et al for Prolonged Chronic Anterior Uveitis
Prognostic Factors of Sharief et al for a Patient with Retinal Vasculitis
Classification of Damato and Coupland for Melanocytic Conjunctival Lesions
Visual Snow Syndrome
Predictors of Duan et al for the Need to Treat Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Pentosan Polysulfate Maculopathy
Clinical Features of a Congenital Dacrocystocele in an Infant
Ischemic Index (ISI) in Retinal Vascular Disease
Tilted Disc Syndrome
Ophthalmologic Findings Associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT, Rendu-Osler-Weber Disease)
Ophthalmological Manifestations of Gaucher Disease
Nongenetic Conditions Associated with Blue Sclerae
Genetic Conditions Associated with Blue Sclerae
Space Flight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS)
Ophthalmic Involvement in Linear Scleroderma with Facial En Coup Sabre
CSF Leak Following Orbital Trauma (Traumatic CSF Oculorrhea)
Risk Factors of Rossin et al for Substantial Ocular Injury Associated with Orbital Fracture (Bedside Orbital Fracture Algorithm)
Equations of Chaves-Samaniego et al for an Infant with Retinopathy of Prematurity
Prediction Model of van Straalen et al for Uveitis in a Patient with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Belfast Retinal Tear and Detachment (BERT) Score of McCullagh et al
Shafer's Sign (Schaffer's Sign, Tobacco Dust Sign) in Posterior Retinal Detachment
Macular Hole in a Pediatric Patient
Metamorphopsia
Leopard Spot Retinopathy
Fundoscopic Changes Associated with Leukemia
Syphilitic Papillitis (Anterior Optic Neuritis)
Syphilitic Perineuritis
Hypopyon
Hypopyon Associated with Leukemia or Lymphoma
Inverse Pseudohypopyon
Pseudohypopyon Associated with Metastatic Carcinoma
Diabetic Retinopathy and Pulse Pressure
Sagging Eye Syndrome (SES)
Heavy Eye Syndrome (HES)
Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment Following Basketball-Related Eye Trauma
Causes of Orbital Emphysema
Stages of Hunts et al for Ocular Emphysema
Evaluating Meibomian Glands with the Meibo-Score
Risk Factors of Ha et al for Neonatal Glaucoma Associated with Facial Port Wine Stains
Risk Factors of Shihota et al for Visual Field Defects in a Patient with Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Herpetic Anterior Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN)
SUN Criteria for Sympathetic Ophthalmopathia
SUN Criteria for Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome
SUN Criteria for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Anterior Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Anterior Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Varciella Zoster Virus (VZV) Anterior Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Sarcoidosis-Associated Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Spondylitis-Associated Uveitis (HLA-B27-Associated Anterior Uveitis)
SUN Criteria for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Associated Chronic Anterior Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Intermediate Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Pars Planitis
SUN Criteria for Non-Pars Planitis Intermediate Uveitis
SUN Criteria for Multifocal Choroiditis with Panuveitis
SUN Criteria for the Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS)
SUN Criteria for Serpiginous Choroiditis
SUN Criteria for Punctate Inner Choroiditis
SUN Criteria for Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE)
SUN Criteria for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) Disease
Vision Problems Associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Ocular and Visual Findings in Takayasu Arteritis
SUN Criteria for Behcet Disease Uveitis
Conditions Associated with Lid Lag
Lagophthalmos and Its Possible Causes
Differential Diagnosis of Infrequent Blinking
Differential Diagnosis of Frequent Blinking
Conditions Causing Symblepharon
Conditions That May Mimic Lid Retraction (Pseudo-Lid Retraction)
Subconjunctival Emphysema
Coats Disease
Retinal Detachment in Connective Tissue Disorders
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD)
Serous or Exudative Retinal Detachment
Tractional Retinal Detachment
Differential Diagnosis of Retinal Detachment
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) Following Retinal Detachment
Conditions That May Mimic Optic Neuritis (Pseudo-Optic Neuritis)
Ophthalmologic Findings in a Patient with Neuroblastoma
Mydriasis Following Plant Exposure (Gardener's Mydriasis)
Vancomycin-Associated Hemorrhagic Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis (HORV)
Vision Loss Following Injection of a Aesthetic Facial Soft Tissue Filler
Differential Diagnosis of Pain in and About the Eye
Differential Diagnosis of Pseudoproptosis (Pseudoexophthalmos)
Conditions Associated with an Orbital Bruit
Differential Diagnosis of Intraocular Calcifications
Causes of Distorted Size of an Object: Macropsia and Micropsia
Differential Diagnosis of Hypotelorism
Differential Diagnosis of Metamorphopsia
Conditions Associated with Pulsating Exophthalmos
Pan-London Ocular Tuberculosis Pathway (LOOP) of Petrushkin et al
SUN Criteria for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis
Hamburg CLN3 Ophthalmic Rating Scale
SUN Criteria for Birdshot Chorioretinitis
SUN Criteria for Syphilitic Uveitis
Differential Diagnosis of Enlargement of an Extraocular Muscle
Orbital Myositis (Myositis of an Extraocular Muscle)
High Myopia
Conditions Associated with Hyperopia
Frisen Scale for Staging Papilledema
Clinical Findings in a Patient with Papilledema
Drug-Induced Papilledema
Intra-Orbital Calcifications Adjacent to the Globe
Conditions Associated with Osteolysis of the Orbit
SUN Criteria for Tubercular Uveitis
Conditions Associated with Pseudopapilledema
Non-Drug Causes of Papilledema
Prognostic Factors of Lee et al for an Orbital Fracture with Muscle Incarceration
Taser-Related Eye Injury
Neuropathy, Ataxia and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) Syndrome
Conditions That May Mimic Retinitis Pigmentosa (Pseudoretinitis Pigmentosis)
Retinitis Pigmentosa Sine Pigmento
Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (IRD) in the Differential Diagnosis of Non-Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa
Syndromes Associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Adverse Ocular Events Associated with Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors
Tuberculous Keratitis with Corneal Ulcer
Ocular Involvement in Cystinosis
X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP)
Conditions Associated with Bitot Spots
Causes of Intraocular Adipose Tissue
Differential Diagnosis of Orbital Pain
Differential Diagnosis of Deep-Set Eyes
Conditions Associated with a Corneal Ring
Causes of Night Blindness (Nyctalopia)
Conditions Associated with Dilated Episcleral Blood Vessels
Differential Diagnosis of Pigment Spots of the Sclera or Episclera
Differential Diagnosis of Expansion of the Optic Canal
Differential Diagnosis of a Narrow Optic Canal
Differential Diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Diplopia
Ocular Trauma Associated with a Foam Bullet or Dart
Change in Vision After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Algorithm of Pereira et al for the Differential Diagnosis of Crystalline Retinopathy
Differential Diagnosis for Enlargement of the Blind Spot
Causes of Double Vision When Using Both Eyes (Binocular Diplopia)
Causes of Eccentric Vision
Conditions Associated with Chin Elevation to Improve Vision
Conditions Associated with Chin Depression to Improve Vision
Differential Diagnosis of Crystalline Retinopathy
Big (Enlarged) Blind Spot Syndrome (BBSS)
Oguchi Disease
Risk Factors of Jia et al for Cataract in a Patient Being Treated for Retinoblastoma
BOMBILE (Blast of Mobile Battery in the Living Eye)
Modified Florida Ocular Trauma Score (MFOTS) of Zhou et al
Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome (ASS, Postenucleation Socket Syndrome)
GLAUC-STRAT Tool for Glaucoma Stratification
Red Flags and Plus Factors in Glaucoma Stratification Using the GLAUC-STRAT 1 Tool
Model of van Straalen et al for Predicting New-Onset Chronic Uveitis in a Patient with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Risk Factors of Halim et al for Post-Operative Uveitis Following Cataract Surgery
Pseudo-Duane Retraction Syndrome Associated with Orbital Myositis
Nomogram of Shiuey et al for Predicting Graft Survival After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Brigham Eyelash Tool for Alopecia (BELA) of Manjaly et al
Prognostic Factors of Hoogeoud et al for Syphilitic Uveitis
Nomogram of Guo et al for Predicting Myopia in a Schoolchild
Retinopathy of Megaloblastic Anemia
Measurement of Proptosis Using Heron's Formula for a Triangle
Risk Factors of Segerstad et al for Intraoperative Complication During Cataract Surgery
Risk Score of Papaliodis et al for Cataract in a Patient with Noninfectious Anterior Uveitis
Predictive Score of Watanabe et al for Graves' Orbitopathy (GO Score)
Nomogram of Zhao et al for Predicting Visual Impairment for a Patient with Diabetic Retinopathy
Grades of Diabetic Macular Ischemia (DMI)
Magnesium Deficiency and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy
Phantom Eye Syndrome
Predictors of Niederer et al for Glaucoma Following Uveitis and Scleritis
Ocular Changes in Cryoglobulinemia
Ophthalmic Findings in a Patient with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Ophthalmic Changes with Ruptured Arachnoid Cyst
Criteria for Corneal Graft Rejection from the Cornea Preservation Time Study (CPTS)
Intra-Ocular Caterpillar Hairs
Ophthalmologic Changes in Congenital Rubella
Grading Inflammatory Changes in the Vitreous Fluid
Grading Inflammatory Changes in the Anterior Chamber
Predictors of Srisombut et al for Poor Visual Outcome Following Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (ITON)
Ocular Complications of Laser-Assisted Eyebrow Epilation (Hair Removal)
Causes of Corectopia (Displaced or Ectopic Pupil)
Acute Ocular Severity Grading Scores of Sotozono et al for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Ophthalmologic Grading Criteria of Gregory for Acute Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Grading System of Sharma et al for Chronic Ocular Complications of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Cornea Subscore
Grading System of Sharma et al for Chronic Ocular Complications of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Eyelid Subscore
Grading System of Sharma et al for Chronic Ocular Complications of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Conjunctiva Subscore
Grading System of Sharma et al for Chronic Ocular Complications of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Total Score
Optic Neuropathy, Papilledema, and Retinopathy Associated with Lead Poisoning
Ectopia Lentis et Pupillae (ELeP)
Causes and Associations of a Displaced or Dislocated Lens (Ectopia Lentis)

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