A number of conditions can cause a leopard spot pattern on fundoscopic exam.
The leopard-spot pattern refers to a uniform scattering of hyperpigmented spots, sometimes with adjacent pallor.
Causes of leopard spots in the fundus:
(1) leukemia (leukemic pigment epitheliopathy)
(2) lymphoid follicular hyperplasia
(3) Walker-Warburg syndrome
(4) central serous chorioretinopathy
(5) diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (PDUMP)
(6) neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
