Some orbital fractures result in incarceration of the extraocular muscles. Lee et al identified prognostic factors when this occurs. The authors are from Korea University College of Medicine in Ansan, Korea.
Patient selection: orbital fracture with muscle incarceration
Presentations: diplopia with gaze restriction
Indications for immediate surgical exploration:
(1) gaze restriction
(2) CT evidence of muscle entrapment
(3) prolonged oculocardiac reflex
Predictors of persistent complications (diplopia, gaze restriction, other):
(1) prolonged injury to operation time (> 24 hours; odds ratio 14.5)
(2) nausea and vomiting (odds ratio 67.8)
To read more or access our algorithms and calculators, please log in or register.
