Optic nerve hypoplasia may be associated with a number of risk factors.
Maternal risk factors:
(1) anticonvulsant therapy (dilantin or valproic acid)
(2) young age (adolescent or early 20's)
(3) alcohol or drug abuse
(4) diabetes mellitus
(5) smoking cigarettes during pregnancy
(6) isotretinoin toxicity
Fetal risk factors:
(1) intrauterine hypoxia
(2) premature or postmature delivery
(3) intracranial tumor (teratoma, craniopharyngioma, optic glioma)
(4) first born
(5) chromosomal abnormalities (deletions, translocations, other)
Other risk factors:
(1) familial inheritance
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Specialty: Ophthalmology, Neurology
