Outcome: good if visual acuity 20/200 or better
NOTE: Some of the factors are known at presentation, while others may not be known until later.
Predictors of a good outcome:
(1) age <= 18 years
(2) good initial visual acuity (able to count fingers or better)
(3) injury caused by a sharp object (not blunt trauma)
(4) wound length <= 10 mm
(5) wound limited to the cornea
(6) absence of the following at presentation:
(6a) lens injury
(6b) vitreous hemorrhage
(6c) vitreous prolapse
(6d) retinal detachment
(7) absence of endophthalmitis
(8) vitrectomy not performed
(9) all of the following at final evaluation:
(9a) clear vitreous
(9b) attached retina
(9c) absence of hypotony (low intra-ocular pressure)
where:
• "Clean wound" at presentation added to the list in the implementation.
Risk factors for persistent retinal detachment (present at final exam):
(1) poor initial visual acuity (hand motion or worse)
(2) posterior wound location
(3) vitrectomy performed
Risk factors for hypotony at final exam:
(1) poor initial visual acuity (hand motion or worse)
(2) dirty wound
(3) presence of vitreous hemorrhage
(4) vitreous prolapse at presentation
(5) culture positive endophthalmitis
(6) vitrectomy performed
(7) persistent retinal detachment
