The eyes may be affected in various ways in leukemia. Some findings may be observed on the fundus exam.
Pathogenesis:
(1) leukemic infiltration
(2) hemorrhage
(3) other effects
Changes that can be seen during the fundus exam may include:
(1) leopard spot retinopathy (leukaemic pigment epitheliopathy)
(2) leukemic choroidal infiltration
(3) Roth spots (white-centered retinal hemorrhages)
(4) retinal vascular sheathing (due to leukemic cell accumulation)
(5) peripheral retinal microaneurysms
(6) nodular retinal infiltrates
(7) exudative retinal detachments
(8) optic nerve infiltration
Differential diagnosis:
(1) infection
(2) chemotherapy effects
