Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is associated with several risk factors. Neonates with these risk factors may benefit from early ophthalmologic screening and intervention.
Gestational age in weeks at birth - recommended screening if <= 28 weeks.
(1) The Royal College of Ophthalmologists recommended screening if gestational age is < 32 weeks (<= 31 weeks)
Gestational Age |
Percent of Neonates Who Develop ROP |
< 28 weeks |
> 80% |
28 - 31 weeks |
60% |
Birthweight in grams - recommended screening if <= 1,500 grams:
(1) more serious stages of ROP were associated with birthweight < 1,200 grams
Birthweight |
Percent of Neonates Who Develop ROP |
< 750 grams |
90% |
750 - 999 grams |
78% |
1,000 - 1,250 grams |
47% |
Neonatal risk factors: may be associated with ROP even if > 32 week gestational age and birthweight > 1,500 grams:
(1) a sick neonate with an unstable clinical course
(2) bronchopulmonary dysplasia
(3) multiple births (usually associated with small birthweight and early delivery)
(4) administered supplemental oxygen (screen if birthweight <= 1,800 grams)
(5) hemorrhagic shock from placental abruption, etc.
Maternal risk factors:
(1) essential hypertension prior to pregnancy
Racial factors:
(1) Afro-Americans have a 2-fold reduction in risk of progressing to severe disease
Specialty: Ophthalmology, Pedatrics