Measurement and comparison of serum proteins can help discriminate between metabolic stress and nutritional deprivation.
Parameters:
(1) alpha-1 acid glycoprotein in mg/L
(2) C-reactive protein (CRP) in mg/L
(3) serum albumin in g/L
(4) transthyretin in mg/L
prognostic inflammatory and nutrition index (PINI) =
= ((alpha-1 acid glycoprotein in mg/L) * (C-reactive protein in mg/L)) / ((albumin in g/L) * (transthyretin in mg/L))
where:
• Transthyretin is also called pre-albumin or thyroxine-binding pre-albumin
Analyte |
Reference Range |
---|---|
alpha-1 acid glycoprotein |
550 - 1,400 mg/L |
C-reactive protein |
0.2 - 6.1 mg/L |
albumin |
35 - 50 g/L |
transthyretin |
100 - 400 mg/L |
Interpretation:
• The higher the score the greater the risk of malnutrition.
PINI |
Risk of Malnutrition |
---|---|
< 1 |
well-nourished without infection (no risk) |
1 - 10 |
low risk |
11 - 20 |
medium risk |
21 - 30 |
high risk |
Purpose: To distinguish between metabolic stress and nutritional deprivation using the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutrition Index (PINI).
Specialty: Nutrition
Objective: severity, prognosis, stage, differential diagnosis and mimics, red flags
ICD-10: E43, E44,