Greenough and Fraser developed the Back Outcome Score (LBOS) scale for measuring functional outcome in a patient with low back pain. The authors are from Middleborough General Hospital in England and Royal Adelaide Hospital in Australia.
Parameters:
(1) current pain from a 10 cm (or 100 mm) visual analogue scale (VAS)
(2) employment
(3) domestic chores or "odd jobs"
(4) sport or active social activities (like dancing)
(5) resting
(6) treatment or consultation with health care provider
(7) analgesia
(8) sex life
(9) sleeping
(10) walking
(11) sitting
(12) traveling
(13) dressing
|
Parameter |
Finding |
Points |
|---|---|---|
|
current pain |
7 to 10 cm VAS |
0 |
|
|
5 to 6 cm VAS |
3 |
|
|
3 to 4 cm VAS |
6 |
|
|
0 to 2 |
9 |
|
employment |
unemployed because of back pain |
0 |
|
|
part time |
3 |
|
|
full time, lighter |
6 |
|
|
full time, original |
9 |
|
domestic chores or odd jobs |
none |
0 |
|
|
a few but not many |
3 |
|
|
most or all, but more slowly |
6 |
|
|
normally |
9 |
|
sport or active social activities |
none |
0 |
|
|
some, but much less than before |
3 |
|
|
back to previous level |
9 |
|
resting |
resting more than half the day |
0 |
|
|
little rest needed, occasional |
4 |
|
|
no need to rest |
6 |
|
treatment or consultation |
more than once per month |
0 |
|
|
about once per month |
2 |
|
|
rarely |
4 |
|
|
never |
6 |
|
analgesia |
several times each day |
0 |
|
|
almost every day |
2 |
|
|
occasionally |
4 |
|
|
never |
6 |
|
sex life |
severely affected, impossible |
0 |
|
|
moderately affected, difficult |
2 |
|
|
mildly affected |
4 |
|
|
unaffected |
6 |
|
sleeping |
severely affected, impossible |
0 |
|
|
moderately affected, difficult |
1 |
|
|
mildly affected |
2 |
|
|
unaffected |
3 |
|
walking |
severely affected, impossible |
0 |
|
|
moderately affected, difficult |
1 |
|
|
mildly affected |
2 |
|
|
unaffected |
3 |
|
sitting |
severely affected, impossible |
0 |
|
|
moderately affected, difficult |
1 |
|
|
mildly affected |
2 |
|
|
unaffected |
3 |
|
traveling |
severely affected, impossible |
0 |
|
|
moderately affected, difficult |
1 |
|
|
mildly affected |
2 |
|
|
unaffected |
3 |
|
dressing |
severely affected, impossible |
0 |
|
|
moderately affected, difficult |
1 |
|
|
mildly affected |
2 |
|
|
unaffected |
3 |
where:
• The pain scale is a linear scale from 0 to 10 cm, with 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain imaginable.
• The VAS score appears to have gaps (at 2-3, 4-5, and 6-7 cm).
• For employment status, housewives are according to previous abilities.
total score =
= SUM(points for all 13 parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 75
• The higher the score the better the patient's status.
|
Score |
Status |
|---|---|
|
>= 65 |
excellent |
|
50 - 64 |
good |
|
30 - 49 |
fair |
|
0 - 29 |
poor |
Purpose: To evaluate a patient with low back pain using the outcome scale of Greenough and Fraser.
Specialty: Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Surgery, orthopedic, Neurology
Objective: severity, prognosis, stage, response to therapy
ICD-10: M54.5,
