The World Health Organization (WHO) uses a simple grading scheme for clinical assessment of ocular trachoma.
Examination Procedure:
(1) Examination performed with a x2.5 binocular loupes and a flashlight.
(2) Eyes are assessed separately.
(3) Findings should be clearly visible to be considered present.
(4) The eyes are examined first for in-turned eyelashes, then corneal opacities, and finally inflammatory changes in tarsal conjunctiva of the upper eyelid.
|
Clinical Findings |
WHO Grade |
Code |
|
>= 5 follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva; follicles must be >= 0.05 mm in diameter |
trachomatous inflammation - follicular |
TF |
|
pronounced inflammatory thickening of the tarsal conjunctiva, which obscures half of the normal deep tarsal vessels |
trachomatous inflammation - intense |
TI |
|
presence of easily visible scars in the tarsal conjunctiva |
trachomatous conjunctival scarring |
TS |
|
at least one eyelash rubs against the eyeball. Also includes evidence of recent removal of an in-turned lash. |
trachomatous trichiasis |
TT |
|
easily visible corneal opacity present over the pupil, which is so dense that at least part of the pupil margin is blurred when seen through the opacity |
corneal opacity |
CO |
|
Trachoma |
Criteria |
|
active |
presence of TF or TI |
|
intense |
presence of TI |
|
cicatricial |
presence of TS |
|
healed |
TS without TF or TI |
|
disabling |
CO |
(Dean, page 505; Thylefors, page 480)
Specialty: Infectious Diseases, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Urology
ICD-10: ,
