The World Health Organization developed the Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART) to describe adverse drug reactions. The Uppsala Monitoring Centre in Sweden is the WHO Collaborating Center for International Drug Monitoring.
There are 6 main types of adverse drug reactions.
Type |
Mnemonic |
Description or Examples |
dose-related |
augmented |
adverse effects secondary to an elevated concentration of the drug |
non-dose-related |
bizarre |
allergic, anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions |
dose and time-related |
chronic |
toxic organ injury following prolonged exposures |
time-related |
delayed |
teratogenesis or other effect that may not be evident for some time after the exposure |
withdrawal |
end of use |
effect only evident after discontinuing the drug, such as adrenal suppression following steroid therapy |
failure of therapy |
failure |
unexpected lack of intended effect despite an adequate amount of drug present |
where:
• The non-dose-related type is sometimes referred to as idiosyncratic.
Management usually consists of:
(1) withdrawal of the causative drug (if possible)
(2) specific treatment of the effects
Suspected ADRs should be reported when appropriate.
Specialty: Toxicology, Emergency Medicine, Critical Care
ICD-10: ,