To be termed VUE there should be a reasonable attempt to exclude known causes of villitis.
Histologic findings may include some or all of the following:
(1) proliferative villitis
(2) necrotizing villitis and/or deciduitis
(3) granulomatous villitis or intervillositis
(4) cicatricial or reparative villitis
(5) avascular villi
(6) basal villitis
(7) hemorrhagic vasculitis
(8) hemosiderin deposition
(9) ischemia or infarction
(10) placental dysmaturity
(11) increased nucleated red blood cells
(12) chorangiosis
Clinical associations of VUE:
(1) It may recur in subsequent pregnancies.
(2) It may be associated with a poor pregnancy outcome (stillbirth, growth retardation, cerebral palsy, etc).
