Urethro-vaginal reflux (UVR) of urine is a cause of pseudo-incontinence in adult woman as well as young girls.
Patient selection: adult woman with apparent incontinence
Clinical features:
(1) insensible or postmicturition incontinence
(2) absence of structural abnormality (cystovaginal fistula, urethrocele, urethral diverticulum, etc)
(3) voiding/micturition urethrocystography consistent with urine reflux (vaginal vault filled with contrast material)
(4) exclusion of other explanations for incontinence
