The breath of a patient with end-stage kidney disease may have an odor associated with a variety of volatile compounds.
Clinical features:
(1 end-stage renal disease
(2) abnormal odor to breath
(3) abnormal odor not explained by other cause (such as oral halitosis)
(4) odor intensity varies depending on severity of the renal disease and dialysis
The breath of a patient can be captured in a suitable air bag and the contents submitted for GC/mass spectrometry to determine specific constituents.
Compounds identified include:
(1) ammonia
(2) malondialdehyde and pentane (MDA-P)
(3) 4-heptanal
(4) 4-heptanone
(5) 2-heptanone
(6) hydroxyacetone
(7) 3-hydroxy-2-butanone
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Purpose: To evaluate a patient for uremic fetor.
Specialty: Otolaryngology, Nephrology
Objective: criteria for diagnosis
ICD-10: I12.0, N18.5,
