A number of conditions can cause a split ribbon or lengthwise scratches perpendicular to the microtome blade.
Condition
Evaluation
nick in the edge of the microtome blade
examine blade edge for structural defects; replace or resharpen
too great of an angle for the microtome blade
reduction of angle improves sections
debris on the edge of the microtome blade
examine blade edge for particular debris; remove debris or replace blade
hard material in block
determine if material in tissue or in surrounding paraffin; if bone or calcified debris may improve with decalcification
tissue block too large for paraffin sectioning
use alternative method or trim the tissue
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Specialty: Clinical Laboratory