Description

Chloroform (trichloromethane) is a halogenated hydrocarbon which is toxic if ingested. Similar findings can be seen with severe inhalational exposures, especially within confined spaces.


Mechanism of toxicity: direct damage to mucosal surfaces, release of free radicals

 

Clinical findings following ingestion:

(1) CNS depression

(2) cardiac arrhythmias

(3) hepatotoxicity with marked elevation of the serum transaminases and total bilirubin

(4) renal failure

(5) gastrointestinal toxicity (abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, erosive esophagitis, erosive gastritis, enterocolitis)

(6) respiratory depression

 

Blood chloroform levels can be measured by headspace GC mass spectrometry.

 

Early administration of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is effective therapy.


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