Tooth Stain Index of Macpherson et al (Modified Tooth Stain Index of Lobene)

 

The 8 incisors were the target teeth to be examined (FDI designation):

(1) right maxillary medial (11)

(2) right maxillary lateral (12)

(3) left maxillary medial (21)

(4) left maxillary lateral (22)

(5) left mandibular medial (31)

(6) left mandibular lateral (32)

(7) right mandibular medial (41)

(8) right mandibular lateral (42)

 

If an incisor was not available, an adjacent canine (and perhaps premolar) was substituted.

 

Surfaces examined:

(1) buccal/labial

(2) lingual/palatal

 

Sites examined:

(1) gingival (designated G)

(2) body of tooth (designated B)

(3) mesial (designated M)

(4) distal (designated D)

Staining Intensity	Intensity Code
none	0
faint	1
clearly visible (orange or brown)	2
dark stain (deep brown to black)	3

 

 

Surface	Extent	Area Code
buccal/labial	limited to pits/grooves	1
	stain outside of pits/grooves, <= 10% of area affected	2
	stain outside of pits/grooves, with > 10% of area affected	3
lingual/palatal	<= 0.33 of site involved	1
	0.34 – 0.66 of site involved	2
	> 0.66 of site involved	3

 

number of sites per surface =

= (4 sites) * (8 index teeth) = 32

 

intensity score =

= SUM(intensity score for 32 sites on a surface)

 

area score =

= SUM(area codes for 32 sites on a surface)

 

GBMD (intensity * area) score =

= SUM(((intensity for site) * (area code for site)) for all 32 sites)

 

GB (intensity * area) score =

= SUM(((intensity for site) * (area code for site)) for 16 sites used by Lobene)

 

where:

• GBMD refers to the site codes, G = gingival, B = body, M = mesial, D = distal

 

Interpretation:

• minimum GBMD (I * A) score = 0

• maximum GBMD (I * A) score for a surface = 288 (8 teeth * 4 sites * 3 intensity * 3 area)

 

One modification was to only consider definite staining (intensity 2 or 3), since faint staining had a low impact on aesthetic appearance. In this case the (I * A) score for the faintly stained site was 1.