Malignant tumors of bone can be staged using the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) system.
|
Tumor Differentiation |
Grade |
|
well-differentiated |
G1 |
|
moderately differentiated |
G2 |
|
poorly differentiated |
G3 |
|
undifferentiated |
G4 |
|
cannot be assessed |
Gx |
|
Tumor Local Extent |
T |
|
no evidence of primary tumor |
T0 |
|
confined within the cortex |
T1 |
|
invades beyond the cortex |
T2 |
|
cannot be assessed |
Tx |
|
Lymph Node Involvement |
N |
|
no detectable nodal metastases |
N0 |
|
nodal metastases present |
N1 |
|
cannot be assessed |
Nx |
|
Metastases |
M |
|
no detectable metastases |
M0 |
|
metastases present |
M1 |
|
cannot be assessed |
Mx |
|
Tumor Grade |
TNM |
Stage |
|
G1, G2 |
T1 N0 M0 |
IA |
|
G1, G2 |
T2 N0 M0 |
IB |
|
G3, G4 |
T1 N0 M0 |
IIA |
|
G3, G4 |
T2 N0 M0 |
IIB |
|
G1, G2, G3, G4 |
T0-T1-T2 N1 M0 |
IVA |
|
G1, G2, G3, G4 |
T0-T1-T2 N0-N1 M1 |
IVB |
where:
• Stage III is not defined
Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general, Surgery, orthopedic
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