Bhattacharyya proposed a Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) classification for tracheal carcinomas. This was based on analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The author is from Harvard Medical School.
Group
Designation
Code
T
in-situ
Tis
confined to trachea and < 2 cm in size
T1
confined to trachea and >= 2 cm in size
T2
spread outside of trachea but does not involve significant adjacent organs or structures
T3
spread outside of trachea into significant adjacent organs or structures
T4
N
no metastases to regional lymph nodes
N0
metastases to regional lymph nodes
N1
M
no distant metastases
M0
distant metastases present
M1
from Table 1, page 640
where:
• If a parameter is unknown, then the code is TX, NX, or MX.
The patient's prognosis is also determined by the histologic type of cancer. Adenoid cystic carcinomas had a better prognosis, especially at higher Stages.
Histologic Type
5 Year Survival Rate
adenoid cystic
78%
squamous cell
34%
other
29%
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