Yamakawa et al proposed a TNM classification scheme for thymoma. This incorporates some of the features of the Masaoka clinical staging scheme.
TNM Parameter
Finding
Code
tumor
macroscopically completely encapsulated, AND microscopically no capsular invasion
T1
macroscopic adhesion or invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura, OR microscopic invasion into the capsule
T2
invasion into neighboring organs, great vessels and/or lung
T3
pleural or pericardial dissemination
T4
node
no lymph node metastasis
N0
metastasis to anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
N1
metastasis to intrathoracic lymph nodes, other than the anterior mediastinal lymph nodes
N2
metastasis to extrathoracic lymph nodes
N3
metastasis
no hematogenous metastasis
M0
hematogenous metastasis
M1
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Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general
