The Rated Numeric Kinetic Line Scale (RNKLS) can be used to grade hyperkinetic facial lines. It can be used to grade wrinkles before and after therapeutic interventions. The authors are from the University of California in San Francisco.
Exclusions: Dermal lines and lines of relaxed skin, since they are not secondary to hyperkinetic action.
Parameters:
(1) wrinkles at rest
(2) wrinkles with facial expression
Wrinkles at Rest
Wrinkles with Expression
Score
none
none
0
none
fine lines
1
none
deep lines
2
fine
deeper
3
deep
deep furrows
4
Muscle Group
Action
frontalis
raising eyes to look upward
corrugator
contracting muscles above the eye, with furrowed brow
orbicularis oculi
closing the eyelids
Photographs demonstrating the scale with each muscle group are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 (pages 254-255).
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