Occurrence:
(1) The jellyfish is found in tropical regions such as Australia, usually during a limited time period (season).
(2) The jellyfish is much smaller than the typical box jellyfish and is capable of passing through the openings of a standard jellyfish enclosure.
(3) The affected person may never see the jellyfish, even after stung.
Clinical findings:
(1) Extreme pain, mostly involving skeletal muscles.
(2) Evidence of massive catecholamine release, with skin flushing and malignant hypertension.
(3) Rarely cardiac decompensation with heart failure.
Management findings:
(1) Antivenom is not available.
(2) A fresh sting should be doused with vinegar as soon as possible.
(3) High doses of narcotics may be necessary to control the pain.
(4) Ventilatory and inotropic support may be needed with heart failure.
