Shin et al proposed a staging system for papillary thyroid carcinoma based on the local invasion with involvement of the trachea.
Parameters:
(1) penetration beyond the capsule of the thyroid gland
(2) extension into the airway
(3) visible on bronchoscopy
|
Penetration of the Thyroid Gland Capsule |
Extension into Airway |
Visible on Bronchoscopy |
Stage |
|
no (organ confined) |
none |
no |
0 |
|
yes |
abuts against the external perichondrium but does not erode cartilage or invade between cartilaginous plates |
no |
1 |
|
yes |
destroys cartilage or invades between cartilaginous plates |
no |
2 |
|
yes |
extends through the cartilage or between cartilaginous plates into the lamina propria of the tracheal mucosa but does not elevate or invade the epithelium |
no |
3 |
|
yes |
extends through the cartilage or between cartilaginous plates into the lamina propria of the tracheal mucosa with involvement of the epithelium |
yes (visible as a nodule or ulcerated mass) |
4 |
where:
• The implementation will have a designation for penetration of the capsule without local extension to the trachea (will call "inv").
• The implementation will have a designation for involvement of the tracheal mucosa on histology but negative findings on bronchoscopy (will call "4nb" for negative bronchoscopy).
Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general, Endocrinology
