Chang et al developed a staging scheme for patients with medulloblastoma. This can be used to describe the extent of disease. The authors are Columbia University and the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City.
Parameters:
(1) T stage
(2) M stage
NOTE: There is no N stage since medulloblastomas do not usually involve lymph nodes.
Direct Extension
T Stage
diameter < 3.0 cm and limited to midline position (vermis, roof of the 4th ventricle, or cerebellar hemispheres)
T1
diameter >= 3.0 cm and invading 1 adjacent structure
T2
diameter >= 3.0 cm and partially filling the 4th ventricle
T2
tumor invading 2 adjacent structures
T3a
tumor completely filling the 4th ventricle with extension into the aqueduct of Sylvius, foramen of Magendie or foramen of Luschka, with internal hydrocephalus
T3a
tumor arising from the floor of the 4th ventricle and completely filling the 4th ventricle
T3b
tumor arising from brainstem and completely filling the 4th ventricle
T3b
tumor spread through the aqueduct of Sylvius to involve the 3rd ventricle and/or midbrain
T4
tumor spread down into upper cervical cord
T4
Metastasis
M Stage
none
M0
microscopic tumor cells seen in CSF, no gross tumor
M1
gross nodular seeding in cerebellum, cerebral subarachnoid space, in the third ventricle or in the fourth ventricle
M2
gross nodular seeding in spinal subarachnoid space
M3
metastasis extraneuraxial (hematogenous spread)
M4
To read more or access our algorithms and calculators, please log in or register.
