Stages of Schentag et al for Gram-Negative Nosocomial Intubation-Associated Pneumonia

Schentag et al described various stages in the development of Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia in intubated elderly patients in the hospital.

Parameters:

(1) body temperature

(2) pulmonary infiltrate on chest X-ray

(3) blood cultures (sepsis)

(4) WBC count

(5) location of the bacteria

Temper- ature	Chest X-ray	Blood Cultures	WBC Count	Location	Stage
afebrile	negative	negative	normal	tracheal colonization	I
low grade	negative	negative	increased	increased bacteria	II
spiking	infiltrate	negative	increased with shift	tissue invasion	III
constant, high	extensive with cavitation	positive	increased or decreased with shift	tissue invasion	IV

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