Brunschwig and Daniel used a staging system to describe the extent of hydroureter and hydronephrosis as demonstrated on intravenous pyelogram (IVP). The authors are from Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Disease in New York City.
Findings on Pyelogram
Stage
ureters and renal pelvis normal
0
slight dilatation of the ureters and/or renal pelvis
calyces appear essentially normal
I
definite dilatation of the ureters, renal pelvis and calyces
"cupping" of calyces preserved
II
marked dilatation of the ureters, renal pelvis and calyces
"cupping" of calyces absent, and calcyes appear as rounded masses
III
nonvisualization of the collecting duct (no dye excreted, or delayed)
IV
Renal function usually declines proportionately to the increase in hydronephrosis.
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