Botsford and Esses developed a functional score for patients with spinal cord injury. The authors are from the University of Toronto.
Parameters:
(1) motor subscore
(2) sensation subscore
(3) rectal subscore
(4) bladder subscore
Muscle testing using the MRC scale (15 per side):
(1) ankle dorsiflexion
(2) ankle plantar flexion
(3) knee flexion
(4) knee extension
(5) hip flexion
(6) hip extension
(7) hip abduction
(8) hip adduction
(9) shoulder flexion
(10) shoulder extension
(11) elbow flexion
(12) elbow extension
(13) wrist flexion
(14) wrist extension
(15) hand grip
Muscle Strength |
Medical Research Council (MRC) |
no contraction |
0 |
flicker or trace of contraction |
1 |
active movement with gravity eliminated |
2 |
active movement against gravity |
3 |
active movement against gravity and resistance |
4 |
normal power |
5 |
from Brooke
motor subscore for left side =
= SUM(points for all 15 muscles on the left side)
motor subscore for right side =
= SUM(points for all 15 muscles on the right side)
motor subscore =
= ((motor subscore for left side) + (motor subscore for right side)) / 2
Parameter |
Finding |
Points |
sensation |
normal |
10 |
|
incomplete loss, patchy |
7 |
|
incomplete loss, below level of lesion |
5 |
|
complete loss, patchy (dermatomal) |
5 |
|
complete loss, below level of lesion |
0 |
rectal |
normal voluntary anal contractions |
10 |
|
decreased voluntary anal contractions |
5 |
|
unable to generate voluntary anal contractions |
0 |
bladder function |
normal |
5 |
|
not normal |
0 |
total score =
= (points for motor function) + (points for sensation) + (points for rectal function) + (points for bladder function)
Interpretation:
• minimum subscore: 0
• maximum muscle subscore for either side: 75
• minimum total score: 0
• maximum total score: 100
• The higher the total score the more normal the motor and sensory function.
Specialty: Neurology
ICD-10: ,