Organs with the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase:
(1) small bowel
(2) pancreas
(3) liver
The intestinal isoenzyme can be increased in the serum in:
(1) small intestinal disorders (ischemia, ulceration, celiac disease, etc)
(2) dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis)
(3) with secretor-positive blood groups O and B , especially after a meal
(4) cirrhosis due to hepatocellular disease (not in liver disease with cholestatic features)
(5) some families with Gilbert’s syndrome
(6) benign familial hyperphosphatasemia
(7) occasionally in rheumatoid arthritis (possibly related to rheumatoid vasculitis with intestinal involvement)
(8) pure yolk sac tumor
(9) possibly pancreatic disorders
