Risk factors:
(1) maternal diabetes (most common risk factor)
(2) hypothyroidism
(3) hypermagnesemia
(4) drugs (ganglion blocking, psychotropic)
Clinical and radiologic findings:
(1) neonate with evidence of bowel obstruction
(1a) failure to pass meconium
(1b) abdominal distention
(1c) bilious vomiting
(2) small left colon, from the splenic flexure to the anus, with dilatation of the more proximal colon
(3) colon function becomes normal, usually after 1 or 2 enemas
Complications:
(1) bowel rupture (usually at the cecum) with peritonitis if the diagnosis is delayed
Differential diagnosis:
(1) long segment Hirschsprung's disease
(2) meconium plug syndrome
(3) meconium ileus
