Features of a shaped charge:
(1) external shape
(2) diameter
(3) cavity shape
(4) explosive
(5) liner
(6) stand-off distance
(7) aerodynamic cover (for propelled charges)
External shape: A cylindrical charge may be used for deepest penetration of protective armor, while a linear charge may be used to slice through a piece of metal for structure demolition.
Diameter: The thickness of sheet steel penetrated by a shaped charge increases as the diameter of the charge increases. The depth of penetration may be reported in charge diameters (CD).
Cavity shape: The shape of the cavity will determine how the kinetic energy is released. An efficient shape is one that focuses the energy for the application (conical for cylindrical charge, V-shaped for a linear charge).
Explosive: The typical explosive used is a high explosive with a high detonation velocity. The amount of explosive is optimized for the application.
Liner: Performance is improved with a liner. The liner should be made of a dense, ductile material. Various materials may be used, depending on the target.
Stand-off distance: The charge must explode at a distance far enough away for its effect to fully develop, yet not be so far away that it dissipates before it reaches the target.
Aerodynamic cover: This improves the aerodynamics of the device if flying through the air. It can also serve to provide the stand-off distance. A cover is not necessary if the charge is fixed.
