Features of sampling error:
(1) A given situation is present in an individual or population.
(2) A sampling is performed because the entire process cannot be evaluated.
(3) Analysis of the sampling results in an erroneous interpretation.
(4) The problem is due to the sample and not how it was handled, processed or interpreted.
Factors contributing to sampling error:
(1) The sampling was too small.
(2) The process is not evenly distributed, and the sample did not include the underlying process.
(3) The sample was taken under conditions (time, place etc) that reduced the chance of detection.
Ways to reduce sampling error:
(1) Examine the entire process when possible, avoiding the need to sample.
(2) Make sure that the sample is large enough.
(3) Take the best samples possible to demonstrate the process of concern.
(4) Time the sampling for optimum detection.
