Populations with a low salt intake tend to have lower blood pressures than populations with high salt intake. Salt sensitivity or resistance is based on the premise that salt intake can affect an individual patient's blood pressure.
Endpoint: change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)
mean arterial blood pressure =
= ((systolic blood pressure) + (2 * (diastolic blood pressure))) / 3
Response |
Sodium Load |
Sodium Restriction |
salt sensitivity |
MAP increases above a threshold |
MAP decreases below a threshold |
salt indeterminate |
intermediate change |
intermediate change |
salt resistance |
MAP unchanged or decreases |
MAP unchanged or increases |
Author |
Criteria for Salt Sensitivity |
Weinberger |
decrease in MAP >= 3 mm Hg with sodium restriction |
Franco and Oparil |
decrease in MAP >= 10 mm Hg with sodium and volume restriction |
Campese |
increase in MAP >= 10 mm Hg with high sodium intake |
Clinical studies on salt sensitivity have been inconsistent, with significant inter- and intra-individual variability.
In clinical practice there may be a noticeable correlation between sodium intake and blood pressure control. Some patients with poorly controlled blood pressure may improve significantly if placed on sodium restriction.
In general restriction of sodium intake is beneficial for many patients and is recommended.
Purpose: To determine the impact of a lower sodium intake on a patient's mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).
Specialty: Cardiology
Objective: laboratory tests, other testing
ICD-10: I10, I11, I12, I13, I15,