Piccini et al reported a risk score for predicting pericardial effusion following implantation of a leadless pacemaker. The authors are from multiple institutions in the United States and Europe.
Patient selection: status post insertion of a leadless pacemaker
Outcome: pericardial effusion (some of which are due to cardiac perforation)
Parameters:
(1) age in years
(2) body mass index in kg per square meter
(3) sex
>=2,"high
Parameters
Findings
Points
age in years
< 75 years
0
75 to 84.9 years
-1
>= 85 years
1
BMI
< 20 kg per sq m
1
>= 20 kg per sq m
0
sex
female
1
male
0
heart failure
no
0
yes
1
coronary artery disease
no
0
yes
-1
prior myocardial infarction
no
0
yes
1
pulmonary hypertension
no
0
yes
1
COPD
no
0
yes
2
atrial fibrillation
no
0
yes
-1
prior cardiac surgery
no
0
yes
-1
dialysis
no
0
yes
1
total score =
= SUM(points for all of the parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: -4
• maximum score: 9
Total Score
Risk Category
Effusion Rate
<= 0
low
0.2-0.4%
1
moderate
1.5-2.4%
>= 2
high
4.2-4.8%
Performance:
• The area under the ROC curve is 0.79.
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