Types of injuries that may occur:
(1) fractures of the lower and mid-face
(2) dental trauma including fracture and intrusion of teeth into the nasal cavity
(3) injury to the tongue and/or lips
(4) ocular injuries
Neurologic conditions associated with increased risk:
(1) atonic seizures (where the person suddenly loses muscle tone and drops to the floor)
(2) any neuromuscular condition with a tendency to fall and show compromised self-protective reflexes
Situations where risk is greater:
(1) walking on staircases or steps
(2) presence of a sharp edge (furniture, steps, etc.) in the drop zone
(3) presence of a recent injury undergoing repair and healing
Other risk factors:
(1) history of a previous fall causing dentofacial trauma
(2) failure to wear protective equipment (helmet with facial shield)
Prevention includes:
(1) wearing appropriate protective equipment
(2) modifying environment to reduce hard edges and to increase padded surfaces
