Criteria for excessive blood loss:
(1) intraoperative blood loss >= 50% of estimated blood volume
(2) postoperative chest tube drainage >= 20% of estimated blood volume during 1st 2 hours in ICU
(3) postoperative chest tube drainage >= 20% of estimated blood volume from 2 to 6 hours after admission to the ICU
(3) postoperative chest tube drainage >= 30% of estimated blood volume from 6 to 12 hours after admission to the ICU
Factors associated with bleeding and transfusion:
(1) younger age
(2) longer duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) or deep hypothermia)
(3) complex surgery
(4) high preoperative hematocrit
(5) low platelet count during cardiopulmonary bypass
Risk factors for bleeding and transfusion in an infant:
(1) lower core body temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass
Risk factors for bleeding and transfusion n a child > 1 year of age:
(1) resternotomy
(2) preoperative congestive heart failure
(3) prolonged duration of cardiopulmonary bypass