Wallis et al identified risk factors for failure of a peripheral intravenous catheter. The authors are from the University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia.
Risk factors for occlusion (odds ratios from 1.2 to 1.5):
(1) insertion into hand, antecubital fossa or upper arm
(2) phlebitis
(3) larger diameter catheter
(4) insertion on the ward
Female sex was associated with increased risk for phlebitis and occlusion.
Risk factors for accidental removal (odds ratios from 1.3 to 2.5):
(1) insertion into hand or antecubital fossa
(2) clinical staff insertion (vs IV service)
(3) smaller diameter catheter
Features of an optimum placement:
(1) inserted into forearm
(2) appropriate diameter
(3) performed by intravenous team, in radiology or in the OR
