Risk factors associated with mortality in multivariate analysis:
(1) continuation of smoking (not stopping)
(2) diabetes mellitus
(3) failure of pain control despite appropriate therapy
where:
• The relative risks in Table 1, page 24, range from 1.25 to 1.58, which are not very large.
Additional findings associated with mortality:
(1) weight loss (falling body mass index)
Significant causes of death included:
(1) pancreatic cancer
(2) extra-pancreatic cancer (lung, head and neck, other)
(3) massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding
(4) complications of surgery
