Patient: open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation
Most common types of nosocomial infections:
(1) pneumonia
(2) central line-associated infections
(3) surgical site infection
(4) endocarditis
(5) urinary tract infection
Risk factors for nosocomial infection from multivariate analysis:
(1) history of immunosuppression (odds ratio 3.6)
(2) transfusion of >= 5 units packed RBCs during surgery and the first postoperative day (odds ratio 21)
(3) acute renal failure developing within the first 2 days after surgery (odds ratio 50)
Additional factors identified on univariate analysis:
(1) COPD
(2) longer time on cardiopulmonary bypass
(3) need for inotropes and/or low cardiac output
(4) use of intra-aortic balloon pump
(6) older age (> 65 years)
(7) female gender
(8) pulmonary hypertensions
(9) lower preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction
