Patient selection: survivor of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), with age >= 65 years
Outcome: secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplasia (MDS)
Risk factors for secondary AML or MDS:
(1) autoimmune disease
(2) infection
Autoimmune disease before NHL diagnosis:
(1) Graves disease (odds ratio 2.0)
(2) localized scleroderma (odds ratio 1.7)
(3) pernicious anemia (odds ratio 2.1)
(4) nervous system (odds ratio 2)
Autoimmune disease after NHL:
(1) asthma (odds ratio 2.4)
(2) pernicious anemia (odds ratio 2.6)
Infection after NHL:
(1) upper airway respiratory infection (odds ratio 2.0)
(2) sinusitis (odds ratio 2.4)
(3) pneumonia (odds ratio 1.9)
(4) urinary tract infection (odds ratio 1.9)
(5) gastroenteritis (odds ratio 1.9)
(6) prostatitis (in a male, odds ratio 2.6)