Kirwan et al reported risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-positive patients living in England. The authors are from Public Health England and St. George's University of London.
Patient selection: HIV positive
Invasive pneumococcal disease is isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site.
Invasive pneumococcal disease may be the presenting finding for an HIV-positive patient. Codiagnosis is defined as HIV and invasive pneumococcal disease both diagnosed within 90 days of each other.
Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease:
(1) low CD4 count (< 200 per microliter)
(2) not receiving HAART
(3) not receiving the pneumococcal vaccine
(4) Black Caribbean ethnicity
(5) HIV exposure via injection drug use or heterosexual contact
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