Risk Factors of Kinnaird et al for Major Blood Loss and for Transfusion Following a Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

 

The TIMI criteria were used to define major and minor bleeding (see Section 06.09.14).

 

Risk factors for major bleeding:

(1) age > 80 years

(2) use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)

(3) hypotension during the procedure

 

The presence a major bleed associated with PCI was associated with an increased risk for in-hospital and 1 year mortality. The occurrence of a stroke had the highest odds ratio for in-hospital and 1 year mortality.

 

Risk factors for receiving a blood transfusion:

(1) retroperitoneal bleeding

(2) gastrointestinal bleeding (with gross hematemesis, heme-positive coffee ground emesis, or heme-positive melena)

(3) large hematoma (palpable swelling >= 4 cm in diameter) at arterial access site

(4) age > 80 years

 

where:

• The first 3 items for predicting blood transfusion are the criteria for clinical bleeding.