Kadunce et al evaluated risk factors for premature facial wrinkling in adults. This can help identify persons at risk for premature wrinkles and can help identify ways to reduce risk. It also may help to convince young women to stop smoking.
Risk factors:
(1) cigarette smoking, with heavy smoking defined as > 50 pack years
(2) sun exposure, with heavy exposure > 50,000 lifetime hours of sun exposure
where:
• For a patient 55 years old , 50,000 hours of sun exposure is about 2.7 hours per day (every day) of sun exposure.
• The effect of smoking history and sun exposure was multiplicative.
Smoking History
Sun Exposure
Risk of Facial Wrinkles (Prevalence Ratio)
none
none
very low
none
heavy
low to moderate (3)
moderate
none
low (2)
moderate
heavy
moderate to high
heavy
none
moderate (5)
none
heavy
very high (12)
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