Handball is associated with a relatively high number of severe injuries. Hadjisavvas et al reported risk factors associated with shoulder injuries in a handball player. The authors are from the University of Nicosia in Cyprus.
Patient selection: handball player
Most important risk factors:
(1) weakness of the shoulder external rotator muscles
(2) female sex
(3) previous shoulder injury
Other risk factors may include:
(1) glenohumeral range of motion imbalance
(2) scapular dyskinesis
(3) altered should joint position sense
(4) muscle strength imbalance
(5) backcourt player
(6) excessive training and match loads (overuse injury)
The risk increases as the number of risk factors increase.
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