Franneby et al identified risk factors associated with persistent pain following surgery to correct an inguinal hernia. Long term pain is more common than recurrent hernia and can be disabling. The authors are from multiple Swedish hospitals in Stockholm, Uppsala and Ostersund.
Risk factors for persistent pain:
(1) younger age (<= 59 years of age)
(2) high level of pain prior to the operation
(3) anterior surgical approach (vs a posterior approach)
(4) occurrence of one or more postoperative complications (surgical site infection, other)
The risk for long-term pain increases with the number of risk factors present.
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