Calkins et al reported risk factors for bile duct injury during minimally invasive cholecystecotmy. The authors are from Washington University in St. Louis.
Patient selection: minimally invasive cholecystectomy
Risk factors for bile duct injury:
(1) body mass index >= 25 kg per square meter
(2) male sex
(3) age >= 65 years
(4) history of cholecystitis
(5) history of pancreatitis
(6) gallbladder wall thickness > 3 mm
(7) severe adhesions
(8) inflammation
(9) impacted stones
(10) gallbladder palpable
(11) surgeon inexperienced (< 50 operations performed)
(12) use of intraoperative cholangiography or critical view of safety
The risk of injury increases with the number of risk factors present.
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Specialty: Gastroenterology
