Burke et al identified risk factors for metastases from a carcinoid tumor of the duodenum. In many patients the tumor is indolent. The authors are from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington, DC.
Patient selection: carcinoid tumor of the duodenum
Parameters:
(1) diameter in cm
(2) depth of invasion
(3) mitotic activity
Parameter
Finding
Points
diameter
< 2 cm
0
>= 2 cm
1
depth of invasion
into the muscularis propria
1
not into the muscularis propria
0
mitotic figures
absent
0
present
1
total number of risk factors =
= SUM(points for all 3 parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum number of risk factors: 0
• maximum number of risk factors: 3
• The risk of metastases increases with the number of risk factors present.
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