Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB, hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, HDNB) has become relatively uncommon but can occur if certain risk factors are present.
Risk factors for VKDB:
(1) failure to give prophylactic vitamin K at birth
(2) failure to maintain an adequate intake of vitamin K after birth
(3) breast feeding
(4) maternal malnutrition
(5) poor feeding by the infant
(6) cholestatic liver disease
(7) other causes of fat malabsorption
(8) antibiotics (affect gut bacteria)
(9) drug that affects vitamin K metabolism (phenytoin, other anticonvulsants, isoniazid)
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