Risk factors for osteoporosis:
(1) smoking
(2) excessive alcohol intake
(3) low body weight for height
(4) malnutrition, including anorexia or bulimia
(5) low calcium intake (decreased mineralization)
(6) low exposure to sunlight (decreased activation of vitamin D)
(7) therapy with corticosteroids, anti-epileptic or other drug affecting bone
(8) amenorrhea
(9) family history of osteoporosis
(10) lactation (associated with increased prolactin)
(11) hyperthyroidism or excessive thryoxine therapy for hypothyroidism
(12) a series of pregnancies in rapid sequence, without time for bone recovery in between
