Occurrence of a primary infection with Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can result in hydrops fetalis with death of the fetus. The risk for a primary infection is increased if certain factors are present.
Risk exclusion: history of previous infection with parvovirus B19 (protective antibodies, etc.)
Risk factors for infection with parvovirus B19 in a pregnant woman:
(1) number of children in household (see table below)
(2) having a child who is 5 to 7 years of age
(3) occupational exposure (nursery school teacher, day care worker, pediatrician or pediatric nurse, other)
(4) epidemic outbreak
Number of Children in the Household
Odds Ratio for Acute Infection
0
1
1
3.2
2
5.5
>= 3
7.5
Additional factors:
(1) contact with a person in aplastic crisis (due to high levels of viremia)
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