Precipitating events:
(1) vigorous exercise in a warm to hot environment
(2) clothing with poor vapor permeability
(3) excessive exposure to sunlight
Poor shape:
(1) no or limited acclimation to environment
(2) poor muscle conditioning
(3) obesity
(4) comorbid disease (especially cardiac and renal disease)
(5) very young or very old
Dehydration:
(1) failure to replace liquids
(2) diuretic beverages (tea, coffee, soft drinks containing caffeine, alcoholic beverages)
Drugs:
(1) diuretics
(2) amphetamines
(3) cocaine
(4) anticholinergic agents
(5) beta-adrenergic blocking agents
(6) alpha-adrenergic agonists (decongestants)
(7) haloperidol
